LAB RULES

1. Do not enter the lab without teacher's permission.
2. Do not run in the lab.
3. Do not eat or drink.
4. Do not switch on the machines without permission.
5. Chairs should be neatly arranged all the time.
6. Do not clean a computer while it's on.
7. Do not play games on a computer.
8. Do not bring your own disc, removable media or flash drives into the computer lab.
9. Noise is not allowed.
10. Follow the proper procedures of shutting down a computer.
11. Do not move a computer.
12. Ensure cleanliness of the lab.
13. Do not open unauthorised sites.
14. Do not operate computers during
heavy rain.
15. Do not remove anything without permission.
16. Do not touch or step on any cable.
17. Do not connect or disconnect any plug without permission.

TYPES OF COMPUTERS

- *Desktop* → Many people use them at work, home and school. - They are designed to be placed on a desk. - They are made up of computer case, monitor, keyboard and mouse.
- *Laptop*
- These are battery‑powered computers that are more portable than desktop; they can be used almost anywhere.
- *Tablet Computer*
- These are handheld computers and are more portable than laptop. - Instead of keyboard and mouse tablets use touch‑sensitive screen for typing and navigation.
*Computer Hardware* - These are tangible components of a computer.
*Computer Software* - These are programs that supply instructions to the hardware. They tell a computer what to do.
*Input Devices* - Is any hardware device that is used for entering instruction or data into the computer.
- *Examples*:
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- Monitor (can be input via touch)
- Digital Camera
- Microphone
- Barcode reader
- Scanner
- Light Pen
- Touch Screen
Output devices - *Definition*: A device used to *send data* from a computer to another device or user.
- *Examples*:
- Projector
- Monitor
- Printer
- Speaker

STORAGE DEVICE

- *Definition*: A piece of equipment used to *record data* onto a media or *read* it from a media.
- *Types of storage*:
- Optical
- Solid state
- Magnetic

CD TYPES

:
- CDs are optical discs used to *read* data.
- One type holds large files (CD-R) and another stores audio, music, and animation (CD-ROM).
- CDs have big *capacity* and are used to *store* data.

CD AND DVD COMPARISONS

- Both CDs and DVDs can *erase* data
(for rewritable versions) and can be used for *backup* purposes. - Optical discs include CDs and DVDs, used to store large data as binary patterns.
3. *CD-ROM specifics*:
- CD-ROMs are mainly for *distribution* of software and music. - Many emulators and business systems have CD-ROM drives.
4. *Qualities of CD-ROM*:
- *Data read-only*.
- Data is stored on an optical pattern.

5. *Advantages of CD-ROM*:
- Once written, data cannot be erased, making it useful for *distribution* of software.
6. *Disadvantages*:
- Data transfer rate and access speeds are *lower* than a hard disk.
7. *Solid state*:
- Solid-state devices have *no moving parts*, unlike optical discs or hard drives.
*Clarifications*:
- CDs are typically *read-only* (CD-ROM) or *write-once* (CD-R); rewritable versions are CD-RW. - Optical discs (CD/DVD) store data in binary form read by a laser.

1. *Memory chip description*: They are a special kind of programmable *RAM memory chip* in which data is stored.
2. *Types of storage*: The two types mentioned are *hard drive* and *memory card
3. *Magnetic storage*: Magnetic tape stores data on plastic coated with a *magnetic layer*.
4. *ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)*: Responsible for executing *arithmetic* and *logic* calculations.
5. *CU (Control Unit)*: The control unit manages instruction execution and data flow in the CPU.